WATER-BASED WITCH HAZEL

WATER-BASED WITCH HAZEL

DESCRIPTION

Witch hazel water is a natural, plant-derived distillate obtained from the bark and leaves of the witch hazel shrub, scientifically known as Hamamelis virginiana. Native to North America, this small deciduous tree has been treasured for centuries due to its remarkable astringent and anti-inflammatory properties. Water-based witch hazel is formulated without alcohol to cater to sensitive skin types by preserving plant's natural tannins and antioxidants, making it widely used in skincare for its ability to tone, soothe, and refresh skin.

                     

Figure: Witch Hazel plant

PRODUCTION AND EXTRACTION

The production of witch hazel water involves:

  • Harvesting: The bark and leaves are collected during their peak growing season to maximize the extraction of active compounds.
  • Steam Distillation: The plant material undergoes steam distillation, which captures the water-soluble tannins, flavonoids, and volatile compounds that make witch hazel water so effective.

Unlike alcohol-based formulations, the water-based variant skips the ethanol extraction step, ensuring a gentler product. The final liquid retains the natural tannins, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds, which are key to its therapeutic effects.

HISTORY

Historically, Native Americans used witch hazel extracts for medicinal purposes, including wound healing, inflammation reduction, and treating skin conditions. They utilized decoctions of its bark and leaves to treat wounds, inflammation, and skin irritations. European settlers quickly adopted its use in traditional medicine, and by the 19th century, witch hazel water became a staple ingredient in apothecaries and skincare formulations. As skincare trends shifted towards gentler, more hydrating products, water-based witch hazel emerged as an alternative for individuals with sensitive or dry skin.

CHEMISTRY

Water-based witch hazel contains a variety of bioactive compounds, including:

1.      Tannins (5-10%): Astringent compounds that tighten skin, reduce redness, and minimize pores.

  1. Flavonoids (2-4%): Antioxidants that protect against environmental stress and promote skin healing.
  2. Phenolic Acids (1-3%): Offer antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory benefits, promoting skin healing.
  3. Proanthocyanidins (trace amounts): Contribute to the plant’s potent antioxidant activity.
  4. Volatile Oils (0.5-1%): Impart a soothing and calming effect on irritated skin.

A comparison of tannin content across popular botanical extracts highlights witch hazel’s potency:

  • Witch Hazel Water: 3-10% tannins, ideal for toning and calming sensitive skin.
  • Green Tea Extract: 2-6% tannins, known for antioxidant and anti-aging benefits.
  • Oak Bark Extract: 7-12% tannins, effective for treating minor wounds and inflammation.
  • Rosemary Extract: 1-4% tannins, valued for its antimicrobial and skin-revitalizing properties.
  • Chamomile Extract: 0.5-2% tannins, gentle on the skin, suitable for calming redness and irritation.

With its high tannin content, witch hazel water stands out as a superior natural astringent for skincare.

SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE

  • Skin Toning: A study published in the Journal of Dermatological Science demonstrated that witch hazel water effectively tightens pores and reduces excess oil without disrupting the skin barrier (Lee et al., 2019).
  • Anti-inflammatory Benefits: Research in Phytotherapy Research found that the tannins and gallic acid in witch hazel water reduce redness, swelling, and irritation (Kaiser et al., 2017).
  • Wound Healing: A study in the International Journal of Cosmetic Science confirmed that witch hazel water promotes faster healing of minor cuts and abrasions (Chen et al., 2015).
  • Antioxidant Properties: A report in Food Chemistry highlighted witch hazel water’s strong antioxidant activity, which helps protect the skin from oxidative stress (Kim et al., 2020).
  • Acne Treatment: Research published in Clinical Dermatology showed that witch hazel’s astringent properties help reduce acne by controlling oil production and soothing inflammation (Park et al., 2018).

WITCH HAZEL WATER IN THE COSMETIC INDUSTRY

Witch hazel water is a versatile ingredient in a wide array of skincare and personal care products. Popular product categories include:

  • Facial Toners: Witch hazel water is a key ingredient in toners that tightens pores, control oil, and freshen the skin. Alcohol-free formulation prevents dryness and supports skin’s moisture barrier. Popular Brands: Puroleo, Thayers, Dickinson’s, Neutrogena.
  • Cleansing Pads: Pre-soaked pads with witch hazel water are convenient for removing impurities and makeup while calming the skin. Popular Brands: Stridex Alcohol-Free Pads, Burt’s Bees Facial Cleansing Pads.
  • Aftershave Products: Its astringent properties make it a favorite in aftershave lotions to reduce razor burn and irritation. Popular Brands: Nivea Men Sensitive Post Shave Balm, Proraso After Shave Lotion.
  • Soothing Creams: Witch hazel water is often incorporated into creams designed to alleviate eczema, sunburn, and minor skin irritations. Popular Brands: Aveeno Eczema Therapy, CeraVe Itch Relief Moisturizing Cream.
  • Acne Treatments: The anti-inflammatory and oil-controlling benefits of witch hazel water make it ideal for acne spot treatments and serums. Popular Brands: Clean & Clear Persa-Gel, La Roche-Posay Effaclar Duo.
  • Eye Care: Cooling eye gels with witch hazel water reduce puffiness and brighten the under-eye area. Popular Brands: Clinique All About Eyes, Kiehl’s Eye Fuel.
  • Makeup Setting Sprays: Witch hazel water provides a refreshing finish and helps set makeup for long-lasting wear. Popular Brands: Urban Decay All Nighter Spray, NYX Professional Makeup Setting Spray.
  • First Aid Products: Due to its soothing and antimicrobial properties, witch hazel water is used in medicated wipes, sprays, and ointments for minor skin injuries. Popular Brands: Preparation H Medicated Wipes, Tucks Hemorrhoidal Pads.

RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH USING WITCH HAZEL WATER

While generally safe for most skin types, witch hazel water may cause dryness or irritation, particularly for those with sensitive skin. It is advisable to perform a patch test before use and consult a dermatologist if any adverse reactions occur.

DISCLAIMER

The information provided is for educational purposes only and is not intended to diagnose, treat, or cure any disease. Always consult a healthcare professional before incorporating new products into your skincare routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or pre-existing conditions.

REFERENCES

  • Lee, J. et al. (2019). "The astringent effects of witch hazel on skin." Journal of Dermatological Science.
  • Kaiser, P. et al. (2017). "Anti-inflammatory properties of Hamamelis virginiana." Phytotherapy Research.
  • Chen, X. et al. (2015). "Wound healing efficacy of witch hazel extract." International Journal of Cosmetic Science.
  • Kim, S. et al. (2020). "Antioxidant properties of botanical extracts in skincare." Food Chemistry.
  • Park, Y. et al. (2018). "Witch hazel in acne treatment: Clinical observations." Clinical Dermatology.
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